Wind Turbines
General Information
- Description
- Competence
- Technology
- Service
Today, the increasing energy demand and the need for clean power generation leads everyone's mind to the concept of renewable energy sources. With highly efficient, solid and reliable wind turbine Siemens Wind Power offers a solution to meet energy needs and environmental awareness.
Competence in All Phases of Wind Power Plan Projects
Experience from more than 9,800 installed wind turbines
Since 1980, the focus was on developing competitive wind turbines. From the first 22-kW wind turbine up to the MW range turbines of today, the products have helped harnessing the power of wind.
Secure development requires specialist knowledge, and no other wind turbine manufacturer can match the specialist knowledge of Siemens Wind Power. Based on more than 30 years of continous presence in the wind industry, we offer the best-skilled management and engineering staff and the designs of any new product combine the accumulated experience of all the previous turbines with the latest advances in the fields of aerodynamics, structural dynamics, noise reduction and grid performance. The result is a reputation for high quality, logical and solid design and creative details that was founded with the first 22-kW turbines of 1980 and has continuously been increased since then. A reputation that is well deserved by the MW range "workhorses" of today.
The most important resource of Siemens Wind Power is undoubtedly the more than 7,800 employees - their experience, technical know-how and enthusiasm. An experienced management team vouches for continuity and confidence. We offer a unique mix of experience and innovation, wisdom and vision. A mix that makes Siemens Wind Power a reliable supplier and a dependable partner.
Big is beautiful
The large-scale wind farms developed in recent years require significant project management know-how in order to be completed successfully. Siemens has extensive experience in this field and has, by the timely completion of hundreds of wind farms, including the challenging offshore wind farms, proven itself as a competent supplier of large, complicated projects.
Proven Technology
Within the last 25 years, our engineers have developed and improved state-of-the-art wind turbines with superior performance and reliability.
Blades
The Siemens IntegralBlades® - a key technology unique in the industry
All blades used for the SWT-1.3-62 and onwards are fitted with Siemens blades manufactured with our patented IntegralBlade® technology. The blades are made of fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin and their external design represents state-of-the-art wind turbine aerodynamics.
Invented by Siemens Wind Power, the IntegralBlade® technology manufactures wind turbine blades in one piece using a closed process. The glass fiber reinforcement is laid out to dry using a special molding arrangement with a closed outer mold and an expanding inner mold. After completion of the lamination of the glass fiber, the epoxy resin is injected under a vacuum. Following this injection, the blade is hardened at a high temperature while still enclosed in the mold. Once the blade is hardened, it is removed from the outer mold, and the inner mold is collapsed with a vacuum and pulled from the blade. The result is a complete, seamless blade finished in one process. A truly integrated success.
Compared with the traditional processes used by other blade manufacturers, the IntegralBlade® process has several advantages. The process is efficient in manpower and space, requiring only one mold set for the manufacturing cycle. Additionally, there are no issues relating to tolerances between shells and spars. The resulting blade is an integrated structure with no glued joints that act as weak points potentially exposing the structure to cracking, water ingress and lightning.
Since the IntegralBlade® manufacturing process is closed-in, the blade factory offers a clean and attractive work environment. The resins applied to the blade do not release VOCs and the risk of exposure to allergenic compounds is minimal.
Lightning Protection
Protection from the effects of direct and nearby strikes
The lightning protection of our wind turbines aims to protect from the effects of direct and nearby strikes. Even though protection from lightning can not be wholly assured, our lightning protection system has shown very good performance in wind turbine applications all over the world.
The overall design basis refers to the international standard IEC 61400-24 Lightning Protection Level I.
The components of our wind turbines are protected in various ways:
- Blades
The blades are protected with a dedicated protection system that has been laboratory-tested to currents of 200 kA without showing any signs of damage other than superficial weld marks from the strike itself. Each blade has a lightning termination pad system. The pads projects slightly above the blade surface on both sides. A flexible down conductor located inside the blade provides the conduction path from the pads to the rotor hub which in turn is used as a conductor to the main shaft. Electrical and hydraulic equipment located inside the hub is completely protected by the Faraday cage of the hub itself. - Nacelle
The canopy is fabricated in 5-mm steel plate, acting as a Faraday cage for the nacelle. The meteorological instruments at the rear of the canopy are protected by separate lightning rod system projecting well above the instruments. All main components are efficiently grounded, and surge protection devices in the controller provide transient protection from effects of nearby strikes. - Controller
Surge protection devices protect the turbine controller. The devices are installed with mechanical overload protection to prevent explosion in case of a direct lightning strike. All metal parts, such as DIN rails, cabinet doors, and components are efficiently grounded.
TowerThe steel tower acts as a conductor from the nacelle and controller to the earth. Earth connection is provided through heavy bonding of the foundation re-bars or by direct coupling to a monopile foundation. - Grounding
We recommend grounding according to IEC 61400-24 with a resistance of less than 10 Ohms. The re-bars of a gravitation foundation is a key part of the grounding system, thus sufficient bonding internal the foundation is carried out to allow lightning- and fault currents to pass.
Monitoring - the WebWPS SCADA System
Based on comprehensive web technologies
The Siemens WebWPS SCADA system is based on comprehensive web technologies, including XML, XSL style sheets, Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) and ASP. With its flexible architecture, the system is fairly easy to adapt to project-specific requirements, customized data and report formats. The web server on site generates reports and stores historical data and remote terminals can be connected via modem, routers or an Ethernet network.
Communication Network
On site, the SCADA system and the wind turbines are linked with an internal communication network using optical fiber cables (preferably single-mode). Depending on the site layout, the network is split into loops each consisting of 8 to 10 turbines.
WebWPS Software
The main component of the WebWPS software is installed on the site server.
It has three distinct parts:
- The communication driver controls the site network. It is fully configurable and can be set up to handle any project-specific combination of turbines, net masts, grid monitoring stations, etc.
- The database management system that also generates the reports is based on Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects (ADO). The report generation engine offers customized reports as well as a number of predefined reports with setup based on typical wind farm operator requirements.
- The web server delivers information such as reports and real-time data mostly based on XML and XSL style sheets. It can be expanded easily to provide project-specific pages.
Status Views
A detailed view of a specific turbine will typically present the following data:
- Wind turbine data: Wind speed, active and reactive power, yaw angle, etc. and command, operational and fault status
- Electrical and mechanical data: 3 phases and current voltage, power factor, frequency, rotational speeds (generator and rotor RPM), temperatures of gear oil, generator, nacelle, etc.
- Statistical data: Total and subtotal turbine statistics such as availability, external errors hours, calendar hours, etc.
- Meteorological data: Wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature, mean wind speed and any other project-specific data
- Grid data: 3 phases and current voltage, active and reactive power and any project-specific data
Reports
The WebWPS SCADA system provides both standardized and customized reports. All of them can be easily exported to Excel allowing quick analysis of these reports within customer organization. Some of the "standards" include:
- Browsing and filtering (date, station, alarm codes, etc.) and historical data
- Daily, weekly and monthly reports on turbine performance, meterological and grid data
- Project-specific reports
Net Converter
Comply with all currently valid grid code requirements on relevant markets
Our proprietary NetConverter® power conversion system allows generator operation at variable speed, frequency and voltage while supplying power at constant frequency and voltage to the MV transformer.
The generator is connected to the MV transformer with NetConverter® power conversion system. This system provides maximum flexibility in the turbine response to voltage and frequency requirements, fault conditions, etc. and can be adapted to meet the requirements of relevant grid codes.
The power conversion system uses a number of modular water-cooled converter units in parallel mounting for easy maintenance.
Power Regulation
Limitation of the power output in high winds is necessary
Limitation of the power output in high winds is necessary on all wind turbines, otherwise the turbine will be overloaded.
Siemens offers two types of power limitation, stall regulation and pitch regulation. Both methods are based on the continuous adjustment of the pitch setting of the blades relative to the hub. Each blade has its own hydraulic actuator unit with position feedback, ensuring continuous stable operation.
- CombiStall®
CombiStall® regulation is used on constant-speed turbines (SWT-1.3-62 and SWT-2.3-82). In low and medium wind speeds, the blade pitch setting is slowly adjusted to provide maximum power output at any given wind speed. When the rated wind speed is reached, the blades are adjusted to a more negative pitch setting, tripping aerodynamic stall and thereby spilling excess power. At higher wind speeds, the pitch angle is adjusted continuously to maintain the maximum power specified.
The advantage of CombiStall® regulation is that it is very simple and efficient, working well with constant speed operation. The disadvantages are that the noise level and blade deflection in high wind are somewhat higher than with CombiPitch regulation. These disadvantages are of little importance for smaller turbines, but for very large turbines, they tend to outweigh the benefits of the robust constant-speed operation. - CombiPitch
CombiPitch regulation is used on variable-speed turbines (SWT-2.3-82 VS, SWT-2.3-93 and SWT-3.6-107). In low and medium wind speeds the blade pitch setting is slowly adjusted to provide maximum power output at any given wind speed. When the rated wind speed is reached, the blades are adjusted to a more positive pitch setting, thereby reducing the aerodynamic forces and maintaining the power level programmed in to the turbine controller. At higher wind speeds, the pitch angle is adjusted continuously to maintain the maximum power specified.
The advantage of CombiPitch regulation is that it provides low aerodynamic noise and moderate blade deflections. Furthermore, even lower noise can be obtained by special operation. The disadvantage is that variable speed operation is required to provide the necessary flexibility in regulation. However, this disadvantage is of little importance for large turbines, where the benefits of CombiPitch regulation clearly outweigh the added complexity of variable speed operation.
A reliable product and a well-run service organization help to ensure that wind turbines are a good investment. In addition to their strong and reliable basic construction, all Siemens turbines are accompanied by a comprehensive guarantee. This ensures that the customers know that their turbine will provide the best possible operational reliability both during the guarantee period and beyond.
Our Portfolio (9)
Wind Turbine SWT-2.3-113
- Description
- Overview
- Technical specification
- Benefits
Turning moderate wind into maximum results
The Siemens SWT-2.3-113 wind turbine is the ultimate choice for low to moderate wind conditions. The revolutionary direct drive generator and the new, optimized Quantum Blade are paired to extract as much energy as possible from the wind.
At the leading edge of evolution
The Siemens SWT-2.3-113 wind turbine is the ultimate choice for low to moderate wind conditions. The revolutionary direct drive generator and the new, optimized Quantum Blade are paired to extract as much energy as possible from the wind.
Efficient. Quiet. Robust and reliable. The Siemens SWT-2.3-113 is the new benchmark wind turbine for low to medium wind speeds. As a result of more than 30 years of research and development, it is designed to harvest more energy out of moderate wind conditions than anyone thought possible.
Proven design
The SWT-2.3-113 is built around the same revolutionizing direct drive generator as the SWT-3.0-101. The direct drive turbine offers exceptional reliability and efficiency – with only 50% of the parts normally required for a conventional wind turbine. By using the same proven design and sharing the majority of components with its larger sibling, production costs and lead times can be kept down.
Unique aerodynamics
The Quantum Blade combines exceptional aerodynamic performance with patented manufacturing technology. Based on innovative aerodynamic solutions in the root and tip sections, the Quantum Blade offers maximum efficiency at low to medium wind speeds.
Maximum availability
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. With the simple and robust direct drive concept with 50% fewer parts, the SWT-2.3-113 wind turbine is designed for maximum availability. Furthermore, the spacious nacelle and the ergonomic working conditions facilitate
Rotor
| Type | 3-bladed, horizontal axis |
| Position | Upwind |
| Diameter | 113 m |
| Swept area | 10,000 m2 |
| Speed range | 6–13 rpm |
| Power regulation | Pitch regulation with variable speed |
| Rotor tilt | 6 degrees |
Blades
| Type | Self-supporting |
| Blade length | 55 m |
| Tip chord | 0.63 m |
| Root chord | 4.2 m |
| Aerodynamic profile | NB 1-7, SWPNA1_XX12, FFAxxx |
| Material | GRE |
| Surface gloss | Semi-gloss, <30 / ISO2813 |
| Surface colour | Light grey, RAL 7035 |
Aerodynamic brake
| Type | Full span pitching |
| Activation | Active, hydraulic |
| Load-supporting parts | |
| Hub | Nodular cast iron |
| Main shaft | Cast |
| Nacelle bed plate | Cast |
Mechanical brake
| Type | Hydraulic disc brake |
| Position | Generator rear end |
| Number of callipers | 3 |
Canopy
| Type | Totally enclosed |
| Surface gloss | Silk mat, 30–40 / ISO2813 |
| Colour | Light grey, RAL 7035 |
Grid terminals (LV)
| Nominal power | 2,300 kW |
| Voltage | 690 V |
| Frequency | 50 Hz or 60 Hz |
Yaw system
| Type | Active |
| Yaw bearing | Externally geared |
| Yaw drive | 8 (optional 10) electric gear motors |
| Yaw brake | Passive friction brake |
Controller
| Type | Microprocessor |
| SCADA system | WPS |
| Controller designation | SWTC, STC-1, SCS-1 |
Tower
| Type | Cylindrical and/or tapered tubular |
| Hub height | 99.5 m or site-specific |
| Corrosion protection | Painted |
| Surface gloss | Semi-gloss, 25–45 / ISO2813 |
| Colour | Light grey, RAL 7035 |
Operational data
| Cut-in wind speed | 3 m/s |
| Nominal power at | 12–13 m/s |
| Cut-out wind speed | 25 m/s |
| Maximum 3 s gust | 59.5 m/s (IEC version) |
Weights (approximately)
| Rotor | 66,700 kg |
| Nacelle | 73,000 kg |
| Tower | Site-specific |
Innovation for efficiency
Siemens direct drive technology and the Quantum Blade represent groundbreaking wind turbine design and technology. The result of these two key innovations is a turbine with maximum efficiency and reliability, which helps to enable a solid return on investment.
Maximized performance with 50% fewer parts
The Siemens direct drive design incorporates a permanent magnet generator with fewer moving parts than ever before. The simple permanent magnet design offers increased efficiency directly by minimizing energy losses and indirectly by reducing maintenance needs. The outer rotor arrangement leads to a more compact and lightweight generator, making transportation and installation easier and faster.
The B55 Quantum Blade
The new generation of Siemens wind turbine blades is lighter than previous designs but retains the superior strength known from earlier generations of blades. Thanks to unique airfoils and redesigned tip and root sections, the blade offers superior performance at low to medium wind speeds. The root section uses Siemens “flatback” profiles to minimize root leakage and provide higher lift. The tip has also undergone a fine-tuning process to give enhanced lift and acoustic performance.
One-piece moulding
Like other Siemens blades, the Quantum Blades are manufactured in Siemens proprietary IntegralBlade® process. Each blade is moulded in one single production step from fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin, resulting in a stronger, lighter blade without any joints.
Lower noise
With a low 105 dB noise level, the SWT-2.3-113 is one of the quietest wind turbines on the market. As a result, this turbine type has an extremely high ratio of energy output per noise affected area, resulting in fewer disturbances to people and wildlife.
Superior grid compliance
The Siemens NetConverter® is designed for maximum flexibility in the turbine’s response to voltage and frequency variations, fault ride-through capability and output adjustment. The advanced wind farm control system provides state-of-the-art fleet management.