The components of our wind turbines are protected in various ways:

• Blades
  The blades are protected with a dedicated protection system that has been laboratory-tested to currents of 200 kA without showing any signs of damage other than superficial weld marks from the strike itself. Each blade has a lightning termination pad system. The pads projects slightly above the blade surface on both sides. A flexible down conductor located inside the blade provides the conduction path from the pads to the rotor hub which in turn is used as a conductor to the main shaft. Electrical and hydraulic equipment located inside the hub is completely protected by the Faraday cage of the hub itself.
• Nacelle
  The canopy is fabricated in 5-mm steel plate, acting as a Faraday cage for the nacelle. The meteorological instruments at the rear of the canopy are protected by separate lightning rod system projecting well above the instruments. All main components are efficiently grounded, and surge protection devices in the controller provide transient protection from effects of nearby strikes.
• Controller
  Surge protection devices protect the turbine controller. The devices are installed with mechanical overload protection to prevent explosion in case of a direct lightning strike. All metal parts, such as DIN rails, cabinet doors, and components are efficiently grounded.
  TowerThe steel tower acts as a conductor from the nacelle and controller to the earth. Earth connection is provided through heavy bonding of the foundation re-bars or by direct coupling to a monopile foundation.
• Grounding
  We recommend grounding according to IEC 61400-24 with a resistance of less than 10 Ohms. The re-bars of a gravitation foundation is a key part of the grounding system, thus sufficient bonding internal the foundation is carried out to allow lightning- and fault currents to pass.

• The communication driver controls the site network. It is fully configurable and can be set up to handle any project-specific combination of turbines, net masts, grid monitoring stations, etc.
• The database management system that also generates the reports is based on Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects (ADO). The report generation engine offers customized reports as well as a number of predefined reports with setup based on typical wind farm operator requirements.
• The web server delivers information such as reports and real-time data mostly based on XML and XSL style sheets. It can be expanded easily to provide project-specific pages.

• Wind turbine data: Wind speed, active and reactive power, yaw angle, etc. and command, operational and fault status
• Electrical and mechanical data: 3 phases and current voltage, power factor, frequency, rotational speeds (generator and rotor RPM), temperatures of gear oil, generator, nacelle, etc.
• Statistical data: Total and subtotal turbine statistics such as availability, external errors hours, calendar hours, etc.
• Meteorological data: Wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature, mean wind speed and any other project-specific data
• Grid data: 3 phases and current voltage, active and reactive power and any project-specific data

• Browsing and filtering (date, station, alarm codes, etc.) and historical data
• Daily, weekly and monthly reports on turbine performance, meterological and grid data
• Project-specific reports

• CombiStall®
  CombiStall® regulation is used on constant-speed turbines (SWT-1.3-62 and SWT-2.3-82). In low and medium wind speeds, the blade pitch setting is slowly adjusted to provide maximum power output at any given wind speed. When the rated wind speed is reached, the blades are adjusted to a more negative pitch setting, tripping aerodynamic stall and thereby spilling excess power. At higher wind speeds, the pitch angle is adjusted continuously to maintain the maximum power specified.
  The advantage of CombiStall® regulation is that it is very simple and efficient, working well with constant speed operation. The disadvantages are that the noise level and blade deflection in high wind are somewhat higher than with CombiPitch regulation. These disadvantages are of little importance for smaller turbines, but for very large turbines, they tend to outweigh the benefits of the robust constant-speed operation.
• CombiPitch
  CombiPitch regulation is used on variable-speed turbines (SWT-2.3-82 VS, SWT-2.3-93 and SWT-3.6-107). In low and medium wind speeds the blade pitch setting is slowly adjusted to provide maximum power output at any given wind speed. When the rated wind speed is reached, the blades are adjusted to a more positive pitch setting, thereby reducing the aerodynamic forces and maintaining the power level programmed in to the turbine controller. At higher wind speeds, the pitch angle is adjusted continuously to maintain the maximum power specified.
  The advantage of CombiPitch regulation is that it provides low aerodynamic noise and moderate blade deflections. Furthermore, even lower noise can be obtained by special operation. The disadvantage is that variable speed operation is required to provide the necessary flexibility in regulation. However, this disadvantage is of little importance for large turbines, where the benefits of CombiPitch regulation clearly outweigh the added complexity of variable speed operation.